Nitrate leaching in a silage maize field under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates

Quantification of the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and water on nitrate (NO₃) loss provides an important insight for more effective N and water management. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) leaching in a silage maize field. The experiment included four irrigation levels (0.7, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.13 of soil moisture depletion, SMD) and three N fertilization levels (0, 142, and 189 kg N ha⁻¹), with three replications. Ceramic suction cups were used to extract soil solution at 30 and 60 cm soil depths for all 36 experimental plots. Soil NO₃-N content of 0-30 and 30-60-cm layers were evaluated at planting and harvest maturity. Total N uptake (NU) by the crop was also determined. Maximum NO₃-N leaching out of the 60-cm soil layer was 8.43 kg N ha⁻¹, for the 142 kg N ha⁻¹ and over irrigation (1.13 SMD) treatment. The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO₃ concentration at the 60 cm depth was 46 and 138 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Based on our findings, it is possible to control NO₃ leaching out of the root zone during the growing season with a proper combination of irrigation and fertilizer management.     

用ICP-AES法同时测定饲草饲料中多种矿物元素的研究

探讨了用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法同时测定饲草饲料中多种矿物元素的过程与结果，确定了合理的测试条件。实验结果表明，该法不但可同时检测饲草饲料中多种元素，且精密度高，进样量少，节省试剂，方便快速     

水载型木材防腐剂有效成分的加速固着方法

以铬化砷酸铜(CCA)为代表的水载型防腐剂,逐渐被其他主要有效成分为铜的水载型防腐剂取代,这类防腐剂中的.针对水载型防腐剂抗流失性差的缺点,介绍4种用于加速防腐剂中有效成分在木材中固着的方法,分析了这些方法对水载型防腐剂中有效成分的固着效果,并就如何加速ACQ中有效成分的固着研究进行了分析和展望.     

不同日龄鸽乳粗蛋白质和矿物元素含量变化规律的研究

【目的】 试验旨在研究1~28日龄乳鸽嗉囊中鸽乳粗蛋白质和矿物元素含量的变化规律。【方法】 选取36对种鸽,每对种鸽哺育2只乳鸽,于乳鸽1、3、5、7、14、28日龄采集鸽乳,每个时间点6个重复,每个重复2只乳鸽,在种鸽哺喂后通过挤压嗉囊的方式采集乳鸽嗉囊内鸽乳。分别在乳鸽1、7、14、21、28日龄时称重,并记录种鸽每周的采食量。【结果】 乳鸽体重随日龄增加呈显著的线性和二次增加(P<0.05),在1~21日龄乳鸽体重随日龄增加而增加(P<0.05),之后维持稳定。种鸽颗粒料和原粮以及总采食量随日龄增加呈显著的线性和二次增加(P<0.05),原粮和颗粒料采食量以及总采食量均于7日龄后显著增加(P<0.05),并在15~28日龄维持稳定。不同日龄鸽乳的粗蛋白质和矿物元素含量均有显著差异(P<0.05)。粗蛋白质含量随日龄增加呈显著的线性和二次减少(P<0.05),1~5日龄粗蛋白质含量维持稳定,在7日龄显著降低(P<0.05),在14~28日龄维持稳定。钙含量随日龄增加呈显著的线性增加(P<0.05),磷含量呈显著的线性减少(P<0.05),钙磷比呈显著的线性升高(P<0.05)。铜、锰、锌含量均随日龄增加呈显著的线性和二次增加(P<0.05)。铁含量随日龄增加呈显著的二次增加(P<0.05),铜、铁、锰、锌含量均在1~3日龄维持稳定,铜含量在5日龄显著增加(P<0.05),之后维持稳定,于14日龄显著增加(P<0.05),随后于28日龄显著降低(P<0.05)。铁、锌和锰含量均于5日龄显著增加(P<0.05),在5~28日龄维持稳定;硒含量随日龄变化无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】 乳鸽在21日龄前生长速度快,21~28日龄乳鸽体重维持稳定,种鸽颗粒料和原粮采食量以及总采食量均随乳鸽日龄增加而增加。鸽乳中粗蛋白质和磷含量均随日龄增加而减少,而钙、铜、铁、锰、锌含量均随日龄增加而增加。     

砂基栽培中磷素淋失防治研究进展

砂基栽培中的磷素淋溶损失不仅造成肥料利用率降低、农业生产成本上升,还能引起地下和地表水体富营养化。在综合中外有关文献的基础上,阐述了砂基栽培磷素淋溶问题的提出、影响磷素淋溶的因子、防治方法,并对砂基栽培磷素淋溶及其防治作了展望。     

柠条锦鸡儿组培苗继代培养中矿质元素的吸收规律

比较柠条锦鸡儿在MS、WPM、B5三种基本培养基中对P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu等主要矿质元素的吸收规律,用向量分析方法找出三种基本培养基中的限制因子.结果表明:矿质养分整体供应水平是影响柠条锦鸡儿组培苗吸收矿质元素的关键因子;除此之外,MS培养基的Ca、P水平偏低,WPM和B5培养基的主要限制因子分别为K、Mn和Ca、P、K.     

建筑材用防腐剂配方及其化学性能的试验

我国CCA系列配方与英国CCA(Tanalith C,Celcure K33)的对比试验表明:我国CCA_3、CCA_6配方抗流失和对金属腐蚀效果接近英国产品;砷含量范围低于美国CCA—C型;国产原料配制的CCA_(S)抗流失和对金属腐蚀性较好。浸渍处理试验显示,CCA类防腐剂宜采用加压法。PPA油性防腐剂中的五氯酚溶解度、抗“霜”、油漆性能良好;CCB宜于处理门窗及室内木结构。表层化学浸渍处理可使硼在木材中的保留率提高到60—70%。     

Indices of soil nitrogen availability for an ecological site classification of British forests

An adequate supply of nitrogen (N) is essential for the successful establishment and sustainable productivity of forest stands. N deficits may necessitate the use of artificial fertilisers. Availability of N in the inorganic forms, and the relative abundance of the NO₃-N and NH₄-N components, influences the species composition of natural forest vegetation. Hence it is essential to use reliable measures of soil N supply that fully reflect its ecological significance. The new Ecological Site Classification (ESC) used in British forestry employs a multi-factorial definition of soil nutrient regime (SNR), including soil N. To develop this, a soil and vegetation study was made at 89 forest sites throughout Great Britain covering the major soil types used for forestry. “Total N” levels were compared with separate pre- and post-incubation measures of the two inorganic N components as potential indices of soil N supply. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the major discriminant chemical variables for the sampled soils were pH, calcium and NO₃-N and that these were also the main variables influencing the species composition of the ground vegetation. Total N and NH₄-N were less effective discriminant variables for these sites. In some infertile soils the levels of NH₄-N or total N may be of greater importance, as NO₃-N is usually in very limited supply. A multivariate gradient of SNR, which incorporates the NO₃-N measures, has been adopted for use within the ESC system. The position of a site on this gradient can be estimated quantitatively from soil type, ground vegetation species composition and humus type. This enables soil N supply and overall SNR to be assessed in a simple but effective way that guides the operational management of British forest soils for sustainable productivity. It will also be possible to use these techniques to monitor the nutritional status of forest sites over time.